Mechanisms of Landslide Evolution: A Multi-scale Perspective on Recent Advances

Landslides represent complex geohazards that can significantly impact ecosystems, infrastructure, and human safety. A comprehensive understanding of landslide evolution requires an integration of both micro-scale mechanisms and macro-scale processes. This study synthesizes recent advancements in the field, examining the interplay between geological, hydrological, and climatic factors that influence landslide dynamics.Utilizing a multi-scale approach, we analyze the mechanisms driving landslide initiation and progression, incorporating field observations, laboratory experiments, and numerical modeling. Our findings highlight the critical role of pore pressure fluctuations in slope stability and the impact of climatic events on landslide frequency. We also discuss the implications of these mechanisms for risk assessment and management in vulnerable regions.Our review underscores the importance of interdisciplinary research and the need for innovative methodologies that bridge scale gaps in landslide studies. This work contributes to a deeper understanding of landslide processes and emphasizes the necessity for inclusive strategies in mitigating their impact in a changing environment.