Common Gravity Wave Patterns from Multi-Hurricane Analysis

Hurricanes are important sources of convectively generated gravity waves (GWs) that play a critical role in modifying the thermodynamics in the upper troposphere-lower stratosphere (UTLS) region. There are several widely used theories that describe the GW convective generation, but their validation using model simulations or satellite measurements is not sufficient due to the lack of high resolution measurements and the difficulties in isolating the convection force. The GNSS - radio occultation (RO) measurements therefore stand out since they are capable of determining the hurricane thermal structures and identify the small-vertical-scale GWs, because of their high-vertical-resolution (