Landfalling tropical cyclones significantly reduce Bangladesh's energy security

Bangladesh's rapidly expanding electricity grid is highly vulnerable to tropical cyclones, yet operational impacts remain poorly quantified. In this paper, we investigate the impact of landfalling tropical cyclones and depressions on Bangladesh's energy security by combining daily reported demand met (across 9 power-planning zones; December 2015 to May 2025) with cyclone track data and hazard proxies from reanalysis and satellite products. We use an event-centered composite approach for 14 named landfalling cyclones and 13 landfalling depressions, defining deficits in demand met as a percentage anomaly relative to a 60 d running mean. On cyclone landfall days, national demand met falls by an average of 19.8 %, with the maximum recorded national deficit (69 %) occurring during Cyclone Remal (28 May 2024). Coastal zones are disproportionately affected, with mean day 0 zone deficits of up to 38 % and some events exceeding 90 %. Depressions are associated with smaller, but still significant, deficits, averaging 8.3 %. For named cyclones, the magnitude of the national deficit is strongly correlated with the worst-affected zone deficit ( r =0.80, p