Integrating genetic diversity monitoring in Europe: The GENOA COST Action

Genetic diversity is essential to the ability of species to adapt and survive, providing the raw material for evolution and ensuring resilience in the face of environmental change. To recognise the importance of this core component of biodiversity, the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework - adopted by the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) at COP15 in Montreal in December 2022 - includes two dedicated indicators of genetic diversity. Although relevant data and indicators already exist, they are still rarely incorporated into species management and monitoring programmes in Europe, largely due to limited capacity. Nevertheless, numerous initiatives and projects are now working to refine, evaluate, and promote the use of genetic diversity data and indicators for biodiversity reporting, helping to bridge the divide between scientific advances and practical application. One such initiative is GENOA (Genetic Nature Observation and Action), a European COST Action designed to support the practical implementation of genetic diversity monitoring and its integration into European conservation policy and practice. To achieve this, GENOA will: 1. foster a broader understanding of how to implement and apply genetic diversity assessments across policy and management contexts in Europe, 2. co-create and refine procedures, methodologies, and datasets for assessing genetic diversity, including the development and testing of improved indicators and 3. develop dissemination packages to effectively engage, inform, and consult with targeted stakeholders. This work will be carried out across five dedicated working groups (WGs): WG1 will focus on policy, WG2 on genetic indicators, WG3 on linking genes to ecosystems, WG4 on engagement and capacity building, and WG5 on communication and collaboration. Importantly, the initiative will involve a broad range of biodiversity actors, including practitioners, businesses, policymakers, researchers, and the public, ensuring that diverse perspectives and needs inform its outputs. By bringing together this wide community and strengthening the practical use of genetic data, GENOA will contribute to more effective, inclusive, and forward-looking biodiversity conservation across Europe.