Effects of Gadolinium Oxide Nanoparticles and Curing Techniques on the Acrylic Mechanical Properties

Objective: This study investigated the effects of gadolinium oxide (Gd₂O₃) nanoparticles on polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and compared the mechanical properties of denture base resins cured via UV laser and conventional water bath techniques. Methods: Forty PMMA specimens were prepared, with half incorporating Gd₂O₃ nanoparticles. Samples were cured using one of two methods: a UV laser (150–400 nm wavelength, 10–25 minutes irradiation time) or a conventional water bath (74°C for 8 hours). The mechanical properties of all specimens were evaluated through transverse strength testing, porosity analysis, and surface roughness measurements. Results: UV laser-cured specimens exhibited significantly higher transverse strength and significantly reduced porosity compared to water bath-cured specimens. Surface roughness showed a slight, non-significant increase with laser curing. The findings suggest that UV laser curing, combined with Gd₂O₃ nanoparticles, enhances PMMA’s mechanical properties, offering a faster, more precise alternative to traditional water bath curing with potential clinical benefits in denture durability. Conclusion: The findings indicate that UV laser curing, especially when combined with Gd₂O₃ nanoparticles, enhances PMMA’s mechanical properties by improving polymerization efficiency and reducing porosity. This method offers a faster and more precise alternative to traditional water bath curing, with potential clinical benefits for denture durability and performance.