The Role of Advanced Glycation End Products in the Pathogenesis of Diabetes-Associated Periodontitis

Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the progressive destruction of the tooth-supporting tissues and is also markedly affected by systemic conditions, especially diabetes mellitus. In diabetic patients, hyperglycemia leads to the formation and accumulation of advanced glycation end products in periodontal tissues. The binding of these products with their cellular receptor activates a proinflammatory signaling cascade, increases oxidative stress, and interferes with immune regulation. These mechanisms lead to enhanced periodontal inflammation, delayed healing, and increased alveolar bone loss. This review highlights evidence of the molecular, inflammatory, and microbial actions of advanced glycation end products in the pathogenesis of diabetes-associated periodontitis and their potential application in the diagnosis and treatment of periodontal disease in patients with diabetes.