METABOLIC DYSFUNCTION–ASSOCIATED STEATOTIC LIVER DISEASE: MODERN PRINCIPLES OF DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT (LITERATURE REVIEW)

The article provides a comprehensive overview of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease as one of the most prevalent chronic liver disorders worldwide.It emphasizes that insulin resistance, obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and other components of metabolic syndrome play a central role in disease development, determining the systemic nature of the pathological process.Particular attention is given to the updated nomenclature replacing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, which more accurately reflects current pathophysiological concepts.The importance of early disease detection is highlighted due to the high risk of progression to liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma.The medical and social significance of the disease is emphasized in the context of the increasing global prevalence of metabolic disorders.The second part of the review analyzes contemporary diagnostic approaches to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, focusing on the use of noninvasive methods for liver fibrosis assessment and imaging techniques.It is demonstrated that a comprehensive diagnostic strategy allows timely identification of patients at high risk of disease progression.The main principles of treatment are discussed, with lifestyle modification and correction of metabolic abnormalities identified as the cornerstone of management.Current possibilities of pharmacological therapy are considered with regard to comorbid conditions.Overall, effective management of patients requires an individualized and multidisciplinary approach.In the context of the growing burden of metabolic diseases, the article underscores the importance of implementing international clinical guidelines into routine clinical practice.The rational combination of modern diagnostic and therapeutic strategies contributes to improved prognosis and reduced complication rates.Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease should be regarded not only as an isolated liver disorder but as a manifestation of systemic metabolic disease.The findings confirm the need for further research aimed at optimizing diagnostic algorithms and therapeutic approaches.Such efforts are essential for improving healthcare quality and reducing the medical and social burden of this disease.