CURRENT INSIGHTS ABOUT THE REGULATION OF HEMOSTASIS: MOLECULAR MECHANISMS, CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS AND RESEARCH PROSPECTS

Hemostasis is an extremely dynamic physiological process, and its disruption can lead to serious thrombotic or hemorrhagic events; moreover, growing evidence has revealed an intricate interplay of pathways linking it to inflammation and immunity.A substantial body of research highlights the key roles of platelets, endothelial cells, and coagulation factors in maintaining vascular integrity and regulating both physiological and pathological thrombosis.The objective of this review was to summarize current knowledge concerning the molecular regulation of hemostasis, its clinical significance, and emerging research opportunities. This narrative review was conducted following a structured literature search of major scientific databases, focusing on peer-reviewed publications from the last ten years.Recent evidence demonstrates that platelet activation involves a complex network of intracellular signaling rather than a simple linear pathway, reshaping therapeutic strategies targeted at platelet reactivity.The identification of the NO/sGC/cGMP/PKG inhibitory axis and its dysregulation in thrombotic diseases underscores the importance of endothelial homeostasis in maintaining hemostatic balance.Crosstalk between Журнал «Перспективи та інновації науки» № 12(58) 2025 1941 platelets, immune cells, and neutrophil extracellular traps further indicates that thrombosis can function as an innate immune effector mechanism, supporting the concept of immunothrombosis in infections and COVID-19-related ARDS.Advancing understanding of endothelial dysfunction and polyphosphate-mediated coagulation has revealed new molecular targets that may guide the development of next-generation anticoagulants.Additionally, innovations in diagnostic techniques, including thrombin generation assays, support a more personalized approach to assessing thrombotic risk.In conclusion, current knowledge points to a highly interconnected molecular network regulating hemostasis, yet continued research is essential to refine diagnostic and therapeutic strategies aimed at reducing the global burden of thrombotic disease.