COMMUNICATION IN BRIDGE RESOURCE MANAGEMENT AS A FACTOR OF MARITIME SAFETY

The article examines the role of communication in Bridge Resource Management (BRM) as a key factor in ensuring maritime safety.The study's relevance is supported by maritime casualty statistics, which indicate the dominant role of the human element in incidents.According to the European Maritime Safety Agency (EMSA), the human element accounts for over 80% of investigated marine casualties, with communication errors recognised as a principal component of the human factor.Ineffective communication on the navigation bridge leads to decisionmaking errors, loss of situational awareness, and consequently to collisions, groundings, and other emergency situations.The purpose of the study is a comprehensive analysis of the communicative component of BRM and its impact on maritime safety in the context of IMO international convention requirements.The paper analyses the concept of bridge № 13(54) 2025 1729 resource management, introduced by the International Maritime Organisation following a series of high-profile casualties attributable to human factors.The evolution of STCW Convention requirements for navigators' competencies in communication and teamwork is examined, particularly the Manila Amendments of 2010, which significantly strengthened requirements for non-technical skills (soft skills).Particular attention is paid to the linguistic aspect of bridge communicationthe use of IMO Standard Marine Communication Phrases (SMCP) adopted by Resolution A.918(22).Typical communication errors leading to casualties are analysed: absence of closed-loop communication, language barriers on vessels with multinational crews, ineffective master call-out procedures, and violations of team interaction principles.Based on the analysis of marine casualty investigation reports, the causes of communication failures are systematised, and recommendations for improving communication effectiveness are proposed.The research findings may be utilised in the educational process of training navigators under BRM programmes, as well as for improving team interaction procedures on the navigation bridge.The practical significance of the work lies in systematising communicative competencies in accordance with STCW Code requirements and developing recommendations for their formation in the process of professional training of seafarers.