Impact of double Allee effect on the dynamics of a predator-prey model incorporating group defence

The focus of this piece of research work is on unveiling the complex and intricate dynamics of predator-prey interaction experiencing group defense and the double Allee effect. The well-posed proposed model admits a trivial, two predator-free, and a maximum of two interior equilibrium points. A detailed analytical as well as numerical analysis reflects the emergence of a varied number of bifurcations with one or two co-dimension. The effect of introductory phenomena, the double Allee effect, and group defence have been studied in detail. All the theoretical findings are backed up by numerical simulation and phase portraits. It has also been concluded that the dynamics of the proposed model depend greatly on the group defence parameter, the double Allee effect parameter, and the initial conditions.