Influence of sliver nanoparticles from thrush Candida albicans supernatant against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Proteus mirabilis

This study presents an eco-friendly method for synthesizing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using the supernatant of Candida albicans as a reducing agent. AgNPs were formed via redox reactions and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). XRD analysis confirmed a face-centered cubic structure. The antibacterial activity of AgNPs was evaluated against three Gram-negative bacteria—Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Proteus mirabilis—using the agar well diffusion method. Their efficacy was compared to four antibiotics: Imipenem (IPM), Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (AMC), Meropenem (MRP), and Piperacillin/tazobactam (PIT). While antibiotics were effective against K. pneumoniae and P. mirabilis, E. coli showed resistance to PIT and AMC. In contrast, AgNPs exhibited concentration-dependent inhibition, with maximum zones of 16.00 ± 0.58 mm (K. pneumoniae), 27.00 ± 0.57 mm (P. mirabilis), and 22.33 ± 0.33 mm (E. coli). These findings suggest AgNPs as promising antibacterial agents.