Implementasi Kerangka Kerja Regulasi Keamanan Siber Untuk Kapal Otonom (Mass) Guna Mengantisipasi Risiko Ancaman Hibrida Di Era Pelayaran Masa Depan Dalam Pertahanan Negara Di Laut

The advancement of Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships (MASS) technology is not merely an option but a certainty that will transform the global maritime industry. However, despite offering efficiency, MASS also faces serious security vulnerabilities due to its reliance on complex digital systems, making it susceptible to hybrid threats. Cyberattacks can result in physical damage, economic disruption, and pose a threat to national sovereignty. Analysis indicates that the existing maritime regulatory framework is insufficient to address these challenges. Therefore, Indonesia needs to develop a cybersecurity regulatory model based on four pillars: (1) standardization of secure technology from the design stage; (2) operational regulations and human resource competency development; (3) collaboration in threat information sharing; and (4) law enforcement measures that create a deterrent effect. The implementation of this framework is not only technical but also strategic, aimed at ensuring that Indonesia can leverage autonomous technologies without compromising its security and sovereignty as the World Maritime Axis. By confronting the evolving landscape of cyber threats, Indonesia can transform from a reactive participant into a pioneer in secure and resilient autonomous maritime operations.