Stem Cell-Based Approaches for the Suppression of Inflammation and Fibrosis in Asherman's Syndrome: Biological Mechanisms and Clinical Evidence

Asherman's syndrome is a complex gynecological disorder resulting from endometrial injury and a defective uterine repair mechanism.These complicated manifestations cause irregular menstruation, infertility, and poor reproductive outcomes.Treatment nowadays includes hysteroscopic adhesiolysis and hormonal therapy, and as medicine develops, many innovative and prognostically optimal approaches appear.Recently, stem cell-based therapies have demonstrated highly promising regenerative properties due to their immunomodulatory, antifibrotic, and pro-angiogenic effects.This review evaluates the biological mechanisms by which stem cell-based therapies may reduce inflammation and fibrosis in Asherman's syndrome and summarizes the current clinical evidence.A comprehensive search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, ClinicalTrials.gov,and Google Scholar for studies published between 2010 and 2026.The sources of stem cells, distribution strategies, and suggested mechanisms of action were systematically analyzed.This review integrates clinical data to demonstrate how stem cell-based interventions modulate the inflammatory and fibrotic pathways in Asherman's syndrome and to identify key limitations that hinder their use in standardized therapies.