Feeding conditions as a factor in increasing diary productivity of goats in industrial goat breeding

The article presents data on the current state of industrial goat farming and its importance for the country's economy. The sanctions imposed by the European Union and the United States against Russia have created favorable conditions for the development of all sectors of the economy, including those specializing in milk production. In today's society, there is an increasing demand for milk and dairy products from various animal species. Goat milk has several advantages: it is hypoallergenic, has a high nutrient content, and is a complete source of protein, calcium, and vitamins. The purpose of the study was to investigate the feeding conditions of dairy goats and the dynamics of their production in 2022-2024 in one of the farms in the Leningrad Region. The study was conducted on a herd of 1,200 dairy goats. The feeding conditions of animals of different sex and age groups were analyzed based on production records and existing rations in the farm. It was found that feeding conditions have a significant impact on the productivity of different sex and age groups of goats. The study of the structure of the rations of dairy and pregnant goats, replacement young animals, and male goats allowed us to identify trends and justify the dynamics of the productivity of the studied groups of animals. In the case of using a concentrate-based (55.9%) feeding system for lactating goats, the average daily milk yield increased by 6.4-6.8% over the past three years, while the MDA and MDB increased by 0.28-0.49% and 0.10-0.28%, respectively. The structure of the diet for replacement young animals (51.28% succulent feed and 35.90% concentrated feed) corresponds to the feeding requirements of dairy goats and ensures their timely preparation for insemination and the subsequent productive period. However, the structure of the diet for male goats does not meet the generally accepted recommendations, as it is based on a silage-based diet (54.9%), which may affect their health and productivity.