Seasonal dynamics of protein and carbohydrate-lipid metabolism in young Yakut horses of different body condition

This study presents the results of a comprehensive investigation into the seasonal dynamics of protein and carbohydrate-lipid metabolism in 1.5-year-old Yakut horses (Equus caballus) differing in body condition. The research was conducted during late winter and spring, periods characterized by pronounced feed scarcity and metabolic energy stress. Serum concentrations of total protein, protein fractions, urea, free amino nitrogen, glucose, total lipids, triglycerides, cholesterol, β-lipoproteins, and free fatty acids were determined. It was established that the parameters of protein metabolism remained highly stable regardless of season and body condition, reflecting the compensatory capacity of the organism and the effectiveness of supplementary feeding in maintaining nitrogen balance. Total protein concentration was within the physiological range (80–83 g/L), with no statistically significant differences between fractions (p>0.05). However, urea levels were 16–22% higher in well-conditioned animals (p