ANALYSIS OF THE MICROBIOCENOTIC STRUCTURE OF AGRICULTURAL ANIMAL BIOMATERIALS AND THE FREQUENCY OF BACTERIAL OCCURRENCE IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE WEST KAZAKHSTAN REGION

This study investigated the microbiocenotic structure of biological materials from farm animals in the West Kazakhstan region and the frequency of bacterial occurrence. The aim of the research was to determine the composition of the microflora in biological samples from cattle and small ruminants, to assess the distribution patterns of Gram-negative bacteria, and to perform a monitoring analysis of the regional microbiological situation. A total of 260 biological samples were examined, from which 108 microbial cultures were isolated, including 89 isolates identified as Gram-negative bacteria. The results demonstrated that the taxonomic structure of the microbiocenosis is highly diverse, with opportunistic pathogenic bacteria constituting the dominant proportion. The highest share belonged to the genus Escherichia, accounting for 18.52% of all isolates. In addition, the genera Pseudomonas and Shigella were also frequently detected, each comprising 12.96%. At an intermediate frequency, the genera Aeromonas, Raoultella, and Klebsiella were identified, while Acinetobacter was recorded at low abundance. The genera Enterobacter, Serratia, and Erwinia showed relatively low occurrence rates. The lowest values were associated with rare bacterial taxa, indicating a limited ecological distribution. Spatial analysis revealed notable differences in microbiocenotic structure across districts. The genus Escherichia remained dominant in all areas, whereas Pseudomonas, Shigella, and Aeromonas exhibited higher prevalence in specific locations. This suggests that environmental factors and livestock management practices significantly influence microbial composition. A comparative analysis between cattle and small ruminant biological materials revealed similarities in overall microbiocenotic structure, although differences were observed in specific bacterial taxa. Overall, the findings indicate a polymicrobial nature of the regional microbiological situation and the presence of epizootiological risk factors. These data are important for improving veterinary-sanitary monitoring systems and for substantiating scientifically preventive measures against infectious diseases.