The impact of aquatic therapy on quality of life in individuals with Low Back Pain: a systematic review

PURPOSE: To review the effects of aquatic therapy on the management of Low Back Pain (LBP), thereby aiding clinical decision-making and improving the Quality of Life of these patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This systematic review followed PRISMA guidelines and included randomized clinical trials from PubMed, PEDro, Medline, The Cochrane Library, and Scopus, without time restrictions, assessing the effects of aquatic therapy on quality of life in individuals with LBP. RESULTS: Seven studies met the eligibility criteria. Aquatic therapy demonstrated significant benefits for chronic LBP, functionality, and quality of life. Interventions delivered in standardized aquatic environments showed greater efficacy than land-based exercises and also improved body composition, physical fitness, sleep, anxiety, and depression. The consistency of results reinforces the therapeutic relevance of this modality, particularly in higher-frequency and longer programs. CONCLUSION: Aquatic therapy is an effective and safe intervention for chronic LBP, promoting improvements in pain, function, quality of life, and psychosocial outcomes. Protocols performed at least three times per week for eight or more weeks appear more effective, supporting their integration into clinical practice and health policies.