Phytochemical Assessment and In vitro Antioxidant Screening in Methanolic Leaf Concentrate of Amaranthus caudatus

Background: Amaranthus caudatus herb is popularly known as Inca wheat. Amaranthus caudatus leaves are used by the indigenous tribes for treating various pulmonary ailments and hepatorenal conditions. Besides it is also used as an antidiarrheal and anti-ulcer agent but there is lack in literature about the compounds responsible for these actions. Previous researches have shown the preliminary phytocomponents present in cold methanolic leaf extract of Amaranthus caudatus by GC-MS analysis. This study was conducted to reveal the difference in bioactive materials and the antioxidant properties present in hot methanolic leaf extract of Amaranthus caudatus along with its uses. Aim: To gain knowledge about the specific bioactive materials present in the hot methanolic leaf extract of Amaranthus caudatus by various analysis and its application in various ailments. Material and Methods: The seeds of Amaranthus caudatus were collected from NBPGR - Shimla Center. GC-2010 and QP-2020 SHIMADZU Japan corporation analyzers were used to find the list of phytochemicals with the help of National Institute of Standards and Technology 20M Library Search Programmes. DPPH, total phenol and total flavonoid present in current plant extract were detected with standard methods. The statistical analysis was done by linear correlation with content in graph pad prism software and statistical significance was finalized by one way ANOVA in SPPS software. Results: The presence of 74 different phytochemicals, major compounds which shows a retention time above 20 include octadecanoic acid (20.258), benzene acetic acid (20.342), 9H-pyridol (3,4-b) indole, cis-sinapyl alcohol (20.741), 6-methylheptanoicacid (21.010), chondrillasterol (25.610), hexadecenoic acid (26.220), 1-heptanol (28.24), 13-docosenamide Z(28.984). The mean value of total flavonoid present was detected as 0.44mg/ml in terms of quercetin after triplication per gram of dried plant extract. The mean value of total phenol content was detected as 0.58 mg/ml in terms of gallic acid after triplication from dried plant extract. The total antioxidant percentage inhibition detected in terms of ascorbic acid by DPPH assay was 48.93mg/ml. Conclusion: The methanolic leaf extract of Amaranthus caudatus has shown better antioxidant properties due to the presence of Phenol, Flavonoid and various bioactive compounds. The selection of compounds from current plant extracts depends on the target application. The compounds of interest can be isolated and used in various in vivo models.