Phytochemical Profiling of Ziziphus nummularia Leaves and fruits using Maceration and Soxhlet Extraction Followed by Proton NMR Analysis

Ziziphus nummularia is a medicinal plant widely used in traditional systems for the management of metabolic and inflammatory disorders. The present study aimed to perform a comparative phytochemical characterization of leaf and fruit extracts of Z. nummularia using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H-NMR) spectroscopy. Plant materials were subjected to maceration and Soxhlet extraction techniques, followed by spectral analysis. The NMR spectra revealed the presence of several major functional groups including phenolic compounds, carbonyl derivatives, alkenes, and carboxylic acids in both extracts. The relative abundance of phenolic signals indicated a high antioxidant potential of the plant. The findings suggest that ¹H-NMR is a rapid and reliable tool for metabolite profiling and provides valuable insight into the phytochemical composition of Z. nummularia. These results support the traditional therapeutic applications of the plant and highlight its potential for further pharmacological investigations.