Recent Advances in Bioanalytical Techniques for the Analysis of Phytoconstituents: A Review

Medicinal plants have long been a valuable source of bioactive compounds with therapeutic potential. The bioactive compounds present in these plants continue to be a fundamental resource for new drug development. This article reviews various bioanalytical methods utilized for the analysis of phytochemicals. It highlights the significance of creating and validating reliable analytical methods for detecting and measuring phytochemicals across various biological samples, including plasma, blood, urine, and serum. The primary aim is to support researchers in applying these methods effectively for accurate quantification in biological samples. Bioanalytical method validation ensures that the techniques for quantifying phytochemicals are reliable, consistent, and reproducible. Various techniques, such as protein precipitation, solid-phase extraction, and liquid-liquid extraction, can be used for sample preparation to isolate and concentrate analytes from biological matrices. Following extraction techniques like high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), mass spectrometry (MS), and gas chromatography (GC) are used to analyze and quantify phytochemicals. This review explores bioanalytical methods for detecting and measuring medicinal plant phytochemicals, offering guidance on developing precise and reliable techniques for various biological matrices that are applicable in pharmacokinetic studies.