Strategic Assessment of ESG Disclosure Practices in India: A Case Study of Larsen & Toubro Using BRSR, Integrated Reporting, and Sustainable Finance Frameworks

The corporate reporting quality has evolved from a compliance-based necessity to a multiple structured of value add activity. The examination of the L&T’s disclosure architecture is based on its Integrated Annual Reports, standalone Business Responsibility and Sustainability Reports (BRSR), and Sustainable Finance Frameworks 2022–25.The study is based on a qualitative research design based on Braun and Clarke’s thematic analysis and manual line-by-line coding. The study considers the SEBI Business Responsibility and Sustainability Reporting (BRSR Core) and the International Integrated Reporting Council (IIRC) multi- capital framework as the reference to study the reporting architecture of L&T. The findings disclose a credible and a comprehensive system, where the alignment between ESG performance and the cost of capital is attributable and very much present. Being India’s first issuer of green bonds under SEBI’s 2025 ESG framework, L&T’s architecture serves as a critical benchmark for corporates belong to emerging economies.