Improving the standardization of wild bee occurrence data: Towards a formal wild bee data standard

Conservation and management of wild bees is hindered by the variety of ways wild bee occurrence data are recorded, managed, and shared. Here, we present solutions to address this issue and introduce The Wild Bee Data Standard, a standardized means of recording and reporting data associated with wild bee occurrences, including physical specimens and photo observations. This standard aligns with contemporary data management practices widely adopted by the broader biodiversity data community. We propose a set of terms for the standard that describe various features of bee occurrences, including collection method and location, taxonomic verification, and final record storage. We emphasize the importance of providing sampling protocol and effort information with wild bee occurrence data and offer guidance to make this a more common practice. We describe how to translate data not currently aligned with the standard to meet its conditions, and how to upload those data to an accessible online repository. We provide case studies, data entry templates, a glossary of terms, and additional resources to guide new users to implementing the standard. We also present a forum, established as a GitHub repository, to support continued development of the standard. Recognizing the significant change this represents for current data practices, we outline the benefits for the bee research and conservation community that will result from improved data standards. We advocate for making all historical, current, and future bee occurrence data openly available to facilitate more rigorous and comprehensive research, conservation, and management of wild bees.