The Role of Dark Matter in Enabling Black Hole Growth Beyond the Eddington Limit

This work proposes a hypothesis that dense concentrations of dark matter in the early universe could enable supermassive black holes to grow beyond the classical Eddington limit. By considering that dark matter interacts only gravitationally and does not emit electromagnetic radiation, the study introduces a threshold density concept (ρ_th) for dark matter, above which black hole accretion can exceed limits set by baryonic radiation pressure. The study also addresses the challenge posed by the collisionless nature of dark matter, exploring whether self-interactions in dense dark matter environments could facilitate angular-momentum redistribution and enhance dark matter capture by the black hole. The hypothesis is compared with observational data from high-redshift supermassive black holes such as TON-618 and RACS J0320-35, and it is discussed in the context of ΛCDM cosmology. Potential advantages, limitations, and alternative scenarios (e.g., slim disks and black hole mergers) are also addressed.