A New Societal Paradigm: A Synthesis of Economics, Psychology and the Individual Choice

This book aims to offer a comprehensive synthesis of the relationship between Society, the Individual, and the Economy by proposing a new paradigm in our quest to understand the psychology underlying human behavior, economic decisions, and social structures. By analyzing the fundamental theories of Buchanan, Freud, Adler, Maslow, Sen, Keynes, and Durkheim, while also considering the global, social, and local transformations brought about by the economic, political, scientific, technological, and regional developments of the 21st century. By creating a new model of individual and social relations within a dynamic system, this book offers insights for the benefit of all humanity. We observe that theories describing the relationships between society and the individual formed in past periods, with their active, passive, and transformative aspects, have fallen behind due to changing modernity and global influence. This work identifies conceptual gaps in existing theories by drawing on interdisciplinary research methodologies, economic resources, and studies in the literature, and explains the relationship between today's society and the individual, as well as the economic decisions made by the individual based on political and technological changes, using new concepts and theories. In this context, I have added a new conceptual link to Freud's defense mechanisms by creating the Withdrawal Mechanism, and I have reanalyzed Durkheim's theory of social solidarity to create the theories of Rational Solidarity and Universal Solidarity. Based on Adler's individual psychology theory and Buchanan's Public Choice theory, I analyzed people's economic spending in light of the political and technological initiatives of the current century and put forward the theory of individual equilibrium choice. By researching Amartya Sen's Capacity Approach concept, I developed the theory of sustainable capacity approach. By examining economic expenditures as defined by Maslow's hierarchy of needs, I developed the Gradual Needs Theory. Prior to all this research, I expanded my field and perspective by researching Daniel Kahneman's Expectancy Theory and Herbert A. Simon's Bounded Rationality Theory.