Dark Energy under Chaos and Entropy: Dynamics of w(a) in the Extended VCE Model

This work presents the Extended VCE model, in which dark energy emerges from entropic damping of primordial chaotic fluctuations. The framework produces a dynamically regulated equation-of-state parameter w(a)w(a)w(a) that remains close to −1 while allowing low-amplitude late-time variations. The model is confronted with the Pantheon+ supernova dataset and the Pantheon+SH0ES subsample. Results show statistical indistinguishability from ΛCDM while remaining theoretically well motivated and dynamically stable. Information criteria favor parsimony, indicating that current data do not require additional parameters, although the model remains observationally viable. This version (v2) includes methodological refinements, improved statistical analysis, and clarification of physical constraints and parameter regimes.