The Dual Engine of EU Competition Law: Synergy and Interaction Between Public and Private Enforcement

This paper offers a synthetic and concise overview of the evolving landscape of European antitrust law, briefly touching on key developments and debates across different areas of the field. By examining recent regulatory reforms, selected Commission decisions, and the emerging challenges posed by digital markets, the study provides a streamlined yet meaningful account of the current trajectory of EU competition policy. The aim is not to exhaust every doctrinal nuance, but rather to highlight the most significant trends and tensions shaping today’s antitrust framework, offering a clear point of reference for policymakers, practitioners, and scholars.