Volume Particle (VP) Theory — Physics Volume (v0.11.0)

Read full text
Authors: Lee, Young Jae
Cited by: 0

Abstract

Volume Particle (VP) theory proposes that the vacuum is not empty space but a jammed granular solid: space is filled by infinitely rigid, fully packing constituents frozen at random close packing. In this picture the empirical results of quantum electrodynamics, general relativity, and the Standard Model are reproduced as the behaviour of an elastic medium, while their usual mechanisms are rejected. The speed of light is an emergent elastic-wave speed rather than a postulate; quantum "softness" is an event/relaxation structure on a rigid lattice rather than intrinsic softness. This is the foundation paper of the Jamming Physics program — a long-form white paper that carries, in the same record, a complete reproducibility specification and a DOI-anchored code/data bundle. Its scope is physics only; chemistry, geodynamics, cosmology, and the life-science applications are developed in separate volumes and are not part of this deposit. The verified mechanism chain (stiffness → c² → proton radius) The physical backbone is established by closed form and by parameter-free simulation, with no physical constant in the input: The packing self-organises to φ_jam ≈ 0.64, with the contact number passing through the isostatic point z = 2d = 6. At that marginal point the relaxed (non-affine) shear modulus is driven to zero while the bulk modulus stays finite — demonstrated along five independent observables: the static modulus; the vibrational ω* → 0 with R² = 0.997; the viscosity divergence; an athermal-quasistatic cross-check; and a vanishing yield stress. This closes the single-compression-speed demonstration. Only a single longitudinal speed survives: c² = B/ρ — the speed of light is the lattice elastic-wave speed. Linear dispersion ω = cq gives a wavelength λ = c/ν; one 2π phase winding fixes the quantum diameter D = 2πλ/A, where the amplification A = a_med/g* (median spacing over the critical percolation throat) is a parameter-free lattice output. A rotational-unjamming inflow — a marginal packing has zero shear reserve, so rotation breaks contacts and ejects material through a single nozzle — fixes the proton charge radius as a globally stable attractor, r_p = (2/π)·λ_C,p = 0.8412 fm (CODATA charge radius 0.8414 fm), with attractor stability F′(x*) = −(π/2)⁵. Constants from geometry, and a single unifying lemma The dimensionless content follows from rotational averaging and lattice counting, with no fitted coefficient: Two rectification constants from elementary integrals: α = ⟨|cos θ|⟩_2D = 2/π and δ = 1/π², with α/δ = 2π. An integer proton core 82 = 81 + 1, where 81 = #{ x² + y² + z² ≤ 6 } = 3⁴ and the R² = 7 shell is empty by Legendre's three-square theorem. An n-fold event-rate law ν_n = n·π^(2(n−1)), giving the electron rate ν_e = 1 and the proton rate ν_p = 3π⁴. The proton-to-electron mass ratio m_p/m_e = (α/δ)·ν_p = 2π · 3π⁴ = 6π⁵ ≈ 1836, matching CODATA to within 19 ppm. The Higgs-mass coefficient 5π (six cube faces minus one gauge degree of freedom), giving m_H = hc/(a · 5π). A single gauge-dimension lemma — dim(ℝ^N / span{1}) = N − 1 — underlies both the proton exponent and the Higgs coefficient. Ideal-limit forms of the same framework are carried through blackbody/Planck and Casimir-style calibration routes. Honest scope and grading Results are graded without inflation. Forced — geometry and integrals with no free coefficient. Calibrated — dimension-bearing values carrying a single empirical length anchor (λ_ref = 632.99 nm), cross-checked by an independent geometric route to 0.16%. Open — explicitly not claimed. The dynamical results (single speed, forced radius, amplification) are verified; the numerical ladder 3π⁴ → 6π⁵ rests on one definitional identification, of the same status as the definitions of α and δ. The paper does not derive the QED fine-structure constant α_em ≈ 1/137 (it is taken as an open input), and — by an explicit rule — agreement with measured values is never used to declare the underlying axioms or definitions "true." Independent external re-execution of the code suite has not yet been performed; this is flagged as a social-process gap, not a content gap. Reproducibility (LOCK → Derive → Gate) Inputs and their meanings are locked (no post-hoc tuning); quantities are derived only through transformations permitted by the LOCK; and results are admitted only through Gate verdicts (PASS / FAIL / INCONCLUSIVE). The DOI-anchored bundle contains the jamming-spine verification modules (direct bulk modulus B; relaxed shear modulus along five observables; the forced-radius attractor; the self-limited rotating-grinder core; quantum diameter D = 2πλ/A; and a constants/scales geometry check), the retained rotation-verification set (including the largest amplification run), a per-result canonical index, manifests, and SHA-256 checksums. Bit-for-bit determinism is enforced. Status of this release (v0.11.0) This release adds a deterministic, idempotent machine-readable retrieval layer to every chapter and to the hub — an answer-first lead sentence, a self-contained reference card for each locked quantity, machine-access files (robots / sitemap / llms), and series JSON-LD carrying author, ORCID, and DOI. An explicit anti-fabrication rule governs the layer: no number appears that is not already present in the sealed body or its registry. No locked constant, equation, or body sentence was changed; the addition is retrieval and presentation only, applied over a source sealed at the prior content version. The verified jamming-spine backbone remains the physical core of the document. DOIs Concept DOI (all versions): 10.5281/zenodo.17932566 Version DOI (this release, v0.11.0): minted on deposit — insert the version-specific DOI here.

Publication details

Journal / source
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Publication date
20 June 2026
Language
EN