Factors affecting postharvest quality during storage of agricultural produce: a comprehensive review

Postharvest deterioration of agricultural produce represents a critical constraint to global food security, economic sustainability, and nutritional availability. Quality degradation during storage arises from complex interactions among physiological processes, environmental conditions, microbial activity, and handling practices. This review critically synthesized the principal factors affecting postharvest quality during storage, including temperature, relative humidity, atmospheric composition, respiration, ethylene action, microbial activity, mechanical damage, packaging systems, and storage duration. Additionally, the influence of preharvest conditions and postharvest treatments on quality preservation was examined. Understanding these factors is fundamental for developing effective storage strategies that minimize losses, extend shelf life, and maintain safety and nutritional value. This review provides a comprehensive framework for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers involved in postharvest management of agricultural produce.