Unified Temporal Field Deflection: Detailed Astrophysical Examples from the Solar System to Black Holes

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Authors: Morgan Anwar
Cited by: 0

Abstract

We present a unified temporal field formula for the gravitational deflection of light and massive particles. Step-by-step calculations are provided for several astrophysical objects, including the Sun, Mercury, gravitational lenses, and the interior of black holes. The results reproduce and extend predictions of General Relativity, demonstrating the applicability of the temporal field framework to both weak and strong gravitational regimes.

Fields of Study & Subjects

Pulsars and Gravitational Waves Research Astrophysical Phenomena and Observations Relativity and Gravitational Theory

Publication details

Journal / source
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Publication date
4 June 2026