Covariant Formulation of Emergent Gravity from the Informational Vacuum (GEVI): Observational Validation via the SNIa Pantheon Catalog

This paper establishes a fully covariant framework for the Model of Emergent Gravity from the Informational Vacuum (GEVI). Proposing a fundamental ontological shift, spacetime is treated not as a continuous manifold, but as a discrete physical grid subject to a topological saturation limit, where information is defined as physical alterations in the stability of space. We derive an Informational Energy-Momentum Tensor from a modified Einstein-Hilbert action, introducing a saturation scalar field that quantifies the thermodynamic stress—or informational rigidity—of the geometry. When coupled to the Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) metric, the model natively generates an accelerated cosmological expansion driven by the relaxation of the grid's rigidity, effectively eliminating the need for a cosmological constant or non-baryonic dark energy. Observational validation using 1048 Type Ia supernovae from the Pantheon compilation yields a statistical fit ($\chi^2 = 986.10$) indistinguishable from the standard $\Lambda$CDM model ($\chi^2 = 986.05$). Furthermore, the discrete nature of the grid imposes testable divergences in the early universe, predicting a hyperbolic screening effect that causes a severe decay in the angular power spectrum of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) at high multipoles ($l_{cutoff} = 2100$).