BIOMARKER-DRIVEN EVALUATION OF GOSSYPIN IN HIBISCUS VITIFOLIUS AND HEPATOTOXICITY ACTION AGAINST ANTI TUBERCULAR DRUG

Hepatotoxicity is liver damage induced by exposure to medications, chemicals, herbal items, or environmental pollutants. The liver, as the major organ for metabolism and detoxification, is extremely vulnerable to toxic assaults, which can cause cellular dysfunction, oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage, and inflammatory responses. Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a major source of morbidity and the primary reason for the discontinuation of approved treatments. Hepatotoxicity can be intrinsic, dose-dependent, and predictable, as with acetaminophen overdose, or idiosyncratic, happening unexpectedly in sensitive individuals.Clinical manifestations include asymptomatic liver enzyme elevations, jaundice, cholestasis, abrupt liver failure, and death. Early detection is based on biochemical markers like ALT, AST, ALP, and bilirubin, as well as imaging and causality evaluation techniques like the RUCAM scale. The primary management strategy consists of discontinuing the offending substance, providing supportive care, and, if available, administering specialized antidotes. Understanding the causes, risk factors, and patterns of liver damage is critical for early detection, prevention, and safer drug development.