EVALUATION OF RISK FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH PILONIDAL SINUS DISEASE IN ERBIL, IRAQ

Background and Objectives: Sacrococcygeal pilonidal disease (SPD) is a common surgical disorder among young adults. This study aims to investigate the risk factors related to pilonidal sinus disease in Erbil, Iraq, focusing on identifying significant contributors and improving understanding of its causes. Methods: Data were gathered through a structured questionnaire regarding various risk factors, including age, gender, body mass index, occupation, daily sitting duration, weekly shower frequency, prior instances of pilonidal sinus disease in other areas, and family history of SPD. This prospective case-control study examined a total of 55 individuals, comprising 29 controls with complaints unrelated to SPD and 26 patients diagnosed with SPD. Results: Family history, hair type, and sweat production were identified as significant contributors to the development of SPD. The unadjusted odds ratios (ORs) indicated a substantial risk: family history (OR 17.5, p < 0.001), excessive sweating (OR 8.52, p < 0.001), and coarse body hair (OR 6.25, p = 0.004). Furthermore, infrequent bathing and body hair density both emerged as factors of interest with ORs of 3.68 (p = 0.02) and 4.1 (p = 0.015), respectively. Conclusion: Individuals with coarse body hair, excessive sweating, and a family history of sacrococcygeal pilonidal sinus disease are at higher risk for this condition. Improving personal hygiene and removing hair in the intergluteal area are critical for these individuals.