QWED Protocol: Deterministic Verification for Large Language Models

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Authors: Rahul Dass
Cited by: 0

Abstract

QWED (Query with Evidence & Determinism) is a deterministic verification protocol that treats LLMs as untrusted translators. It validates all outputs using 8 specialized engines: math (SymPy), logic (Z3), code security (AST), SQL (SQLGlot), statistics, fact checking, image validation, and consensus. In benchmarks against Claude Opus 4.5, QWED achieved 100% error detection where the model had 73-85% accuracy. Version 1.1.0 Updates: Added complete DSL (Domain Specific Language) security documentation Documented output format enforcement (function calling + Pydantic schemas) Added language detection mechanisms Explained SQL AST-based obfuscation detection Added 566 lines of technical documentation Open source under Apache 2.0.

Fields of Study & Subjects

Web Application Security Vulnerabilities Security and Verification in Computing Logic programming and type systems

Publication details

Journal / source
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Publication date
1 January 2026
Language
EN