An Ultimate from Immanence: Lotus Buddhism Redefined for a Secular Worldview

This is the January 1, 2026 version of an article with the same title originally published in The Indian International Journal of Buddhist Studies, vol. 24, pp. 209-50 (2024). Changes include the conversion of in-text citations and footnotes to endnotes, consolidation of the abstract, and refinement of some content; the core thesis and arguments remain intact. The following is a link to the original article as preserved by the National Taiwan University Digital Library: https://buddhism.lib.ntu.edu.tw/FT/JA/712651.pdf.