A Review on Development and Validation of Method for Determination of Ramipril and Hydrochlorothiazide in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Dosage Form

Ramipril is an ACE inhibitor that serves primarily for the treatment of high blood pressure and heart failure, as well as for preventing cardiovascular events in patients at high risk. Generally well-tolerated, Ramipril's common side effects include dizziness, headaches, and dry cough, necessitating adherence to prescribed dosages and communication with healthcare providers regarding any adverse reactions. Notably, it is contraindicated in pregnancy due to potential harm to the fetus. Hydrochlorothiazide is a significant generic diuretic extensively prescribed for hypertension and edema associated with various medical conditions, including heart failure, liver disease, and kidney disease. It is listed among the World Health Organization's Essential Medicines, reflecting its critical role in healthcare. As a first-line therapy, HCTZ, classified as a thiazide diuretic, is recommended in major hypertension treatment guidelines. The review concludes that various analytical methods, primarily UV-Vis spectrophotometry and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), have been developed and validated for the determination of ramipril and hydrochlorothiazide, either individually or in combination. These methods are proven to be specific, accurate, precise, and sensitive, allowing for reliable analysis of these drugs in pharmaceutical formulations and biological samples. Advanced techniques like Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-MS) offer even greater sensitivity and are suitable for detecting low concentrations, such as in cleaning validation.