THE LEGAL AND PHILOSOPHICAL FOUNDATIONS OF SUSTAINABILITY

The purpose of this study is to explore, through a systematic literature review, the theoretical and normative bases that underpin the concept of sustainability. Using an interdisciplinary approach, the study analyzes how law and philosophy contribute to the construction of an environmental ethic that supports practices and policies aimed at sustainable development. In the philosophical axis, the theories of ecocentrism, biocentrism and weak anthropocentrism are examined, which offer different perspectives on the relationship between human beings and nature. In the legal axis, the principles of environmental law are addressed, such as the polluter-pays, precautionary and intergenerational justice principles, in addition to the role of corporate social responsibility in promoting sustainability. The critical analysis highlights the importance of integrating ethical and normative thinking in the formulation of public policies and business practices that respect ecological balance and ensure the well-being of future generations. It is concluded that sustainability is an ethical and legal imperative for contemporary society, requiring the commitment of all sectors for a fairer and more ecologically balanced future.