Occlusion in Dental Implants: Biomechanical Principles, Occlusal Concepts, and Clinical Considerations: A Review

Dental implants differ fundamentally from natural teeth in their biomechanical behavior due to the absence of periodontal ligament, making occlusal considerations critical for long-term implant success. The purpose of this review was to evaluate implant occlusion concepts, biomechanical principles, occlusal schemes, and clinical guidelines for achieving optimal implant-supported prosthesis longevity. A narrative review of the literature was conducted using PubMed and prosthodontic textbooks. Articles focusing on implant biomechanics, occlusal loading, occlusal schemes, and implant complications related to occlusion were included. Implant occlusion requires modification of conventional occlusal principles. Axial loading, reduced occlusal contacts, shallow cusp inclines, and controlled occlusal schemes are recommended to minimize biomechanical overload. Appropriate occlusal design is essential to maintain peri-implant health and prosthesis longevity. Occlusal concepts must be individualized based on implant location, prosthesis type, and patient-specific risk factors. Understanding implant occlusion principles helps clinicians reduce mechanical and biological complications associated with occlusal overload.