Panchagavya: An Ayurvedic Formulation with Therapeutic and Scientific Correlation

Panchagavya is a traditional Ayurvedic formulation composed of five cow-derived products—cow urine (Gomutra), cow dung (Gomaya), milk (Dugdha), curd (Dadhi), and ghee (Ghrita). Classical Ayurvedic texts describe Panchagavya as Vishaghna, Rasayana, and Ojovardhaka. It is extensively used in Agadtantra, Panchakarma, and Rasayana therapy. In recent years, scientific research has demonstrated its antimicrobial, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, hepatoprotective, and bioenhancer properties. This article reviews the classical Ayurvedic concepts of Panchagavya and correlates them with modern experimental and clinical findings, highlighting its relevance in integrative medicine.