Comparison Study between Laparoscopic and Open Colorectal Surgery

Background: Initial reports of laparoscopic and laparoscopic-assisted colon surgery for both benign and malignant disease first appeared in 1991 Since then, laparoscopic colon resection has been successfully performed for the treatment of a wide spectrum of disease processes of the large bowel. Objective: To detect the use of laparoscopy and its value in colorectal surgery in comparison with open methods of colorectal surgery. Patient and Methods: This is prospective study of 100 patients under went elective colo-rectal surgery (open and laparoscopy) done in Baghdad teaching hospital in the third surgical unit, conducted during the period from (1st January. 2019-1st December. 2024) and followed up for 30 days postoperatively patients who underwent elective colo-rectal surgery ware grouped open and laparoscopic and analyzed according to: age, gender, body mass index, type of surgery (open or laparoscopic), indication for surgery, duration of surgery. Results: Age and gender: none statistical significant difference in age and sex distribution, BMI: High statistical significance difference in the mean BMI among laparoscopic when comparing with open, time of hospital stay and follow up of patients: the Laparoscopic patients record shorter period of hospital stay and have shorter period at follow up time when compared with open patients. Conclusion: Laparoscopic procedure is less invasive, less local complications and shorter hospital stay than that in the open surgery group. Laparoscopic procedure has better improvement of bowel movement, pass flatus and oral intake. Open surgery has relatively shorter operation period than laparoscopy. Laparoscopy was safe as lower rate of local infection and mortality than open method.