COF-VI: The Glasgow Action A Non-Newtonian Temporal Substrate and the Viscous Origin of Cosmological Tensions

This work introduces COF-VI (Causal Oscillation Frequency, Version VI), a theoretical framework extending khronometric gravity by promoting Einstein–aether couplings to functions of a dynamical temporal substrate. The model proposes a viscous, non-Newtonian interpretation of cosmic expansion and provides a unified explanation for the H₀ and S₈ cosmological tensions. COF-VI also introduces the Temporal Fracture Event (TFE) as a physical alternative to the classical Big Bang singularity and makes falsifiable predictions for scalar gravitational wave modes detectable by LISA.