Topological Origin of Lepton Mass Structure: The Koide Relation and Berry Phase on the Clifford Torus

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Authors: Yi Liu
Cited by: 0

Abstract

Description: We present a geometric derivation of the charged lepton mass relations based on the topology of the 3-sphere (S³). We identify the empirical Koide formula (Q=2/3) as a geometric identity describing the projection of the mass vector onto the Clifford Torus, a minimal surface of maximal symmetry within S³. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the long-unexplained phase angle θ ≈ 2/9 corresponds to a quantized Berry Phase arising from the Z₃ topology of the generation fiber. This framework suggests that the lepton mass hierarchy is determined by the global topology of the vacuum manifold and is protected by topological invariants. Based on this strict topology, we predict the tau lepton mass to be 1776.97 MeV.

Fields of Study & Subjects

International Science and Diplomacy Algebraic and Geometric Analysis Neutrino Physics Research

Publication details

Journal / source
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Publication date
2 January 2026
Language
EN
Document type
Preprint