Precision as a Finite Physical Resource: Time–Frequency and Energetic Limits on Sustainable Inference

Inferential precision is a central parameter in contemporary probabilistic models of perception, cognition, and action, yet it is typically treated as freely tunable and costless. This paper challenges that assumption by introducing minimal physical constraints on sustainable precision, grounded in finite time–frequency access and irreversible energetic cost. Rather than proposing a new inferential algorithm, the work formulates a conservative boundary condition on physically realizable inference, compatible with (but external to) the Free Energy Principle and related variational frameworks.