Nanomedicine Based Approaches for Tuberculosis Treatment

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the main organism which responsible for tuberculosis (TB) disease, one of the most enduring infectious diseases throughout the world. Long treatment is still having, low patient compliance, and the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) strains of tuberculosis remain obstacles to effective for the anti-TB medication treatment. These restrictions have led to the investigation of novel therapeutic approaches for better patients’ compliance, one of which is nanotechnology. Novel drug delivery systems made possible by nanotechnology can improve anti-TB agents' stability, bioavailability, and targeted delivery with reducing the systemic toxicity. The ability of various nanocarriers, including dendrimers, lipid-based nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles, metallic nanoparticles, and carbon-based nanomaterials, to enhance the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles of anti-TB medications has been studied here. These nonsystems allow for controlled and sustained drug release, help drugs build up at infection sites, and may even help macrophages take in drugs better, which is very important for fighting intracellular M. tuberculosis. Nanotechnology-based diagnostic tools also have promised for the early detection and monitoring of TB. None the less, not withstanding encouraging pre-clinical results, issues including toxicity assessment, extensive production, and regulatory approvals must be resolved essential to clinical application. This review emphasises the latest progress in nanotechnology-driven therapeutic and diagnostic approaches for tuberculosis management system, improving their mechanisms, benefits, constraints, and future prospects in addressing global TB.