THE IMPACT OF LABOR MIGRATION AND LABOR SHORTAGE ON FARM PRODUCTIVITY IN AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES

Labor migration has become one of the most influential socio-economic factors affecting agricultural production systems worldwide. The movement of rural workers to urban centers or foreign countries often results in a significant shortage of agricultural labor, which can negatively influence farm productivity, production efficiency, and overall sustainability. This study examines the impact of labor migration and labor shortages on crop yields, farm management practices, and economic performance within farming enterprises. The findings reveal that reduced labor availability leads to delayed agricultural operations, lower crop productivity, increased mechanization dependency, and higher production costs. At the same time, remittances generated from migration may positively contribute to farm investment and modernization. Therefore, understanding the dual impacts of labor migration is crucial for developing effective agricultural and rural development policies.