Artificial Intelligence in Personalized Learning and Student Assessment: Challenges and Implementation Solutions

ABSTRACT: This paper analyzes the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in personalizing learning and reforming assessment and evaluation in higher education, with a particular focus on the context of Vietnam. AI offers new opportunities to improve the quality of teaching and learning through technologies such as machine learning, natural language processing, learning analytics and intelligent assistants, enabling the design of tailored learning pathways via adaptive learning systems and personalized learning resources. In assessment, AI supports automatic grading, timely feedback, detection of knowledge gaps and enhances fairness and transparency. However, implementing AI in Vietnamese higher education faces several challenges: uneven technological infrastructure, an underdeveloped legal and regulatory framework, limited digital competencies among faculty and students, and ethical and data-security concerns. The study proposes solutions including upgrading digital skills for faculty and students; investing in technological infrastructure; completing policies and legal frameworks; strengthening data security; and promoting research–industry collaboration. These measures will help Vietnamese higher education harness AI’s potential effectively, moving toward a personalized, equitable and sustainable education system.