The Causal Substrate: A Conceptual Introduction to the Glasgow Action and the Resolution of Cosmological Tensions
Abstract
This paper provides a conceptual gateway to the Causal Oscillation Frequency (COF) research programme and the Glasgow Action, a viscous extension of khronometric gravity frameworks. It frames the Hubble and structure-growth tensions as consequences of treating time as a passive coordinate rather than a dynamical causal substrate. The paper summarises the COF I–VI arc and presents a falsifiable gravitational-wave signature for the LISA mission.
Fields of Study & Subjects
Cosmology and Gravitation Theories
Relativity and Gravitational Theory
Noncommutative and Quantum Gravity Theories
Publication details
- Journal / source
- Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
- Publication date
- 3 January 2026