High-Mass Second Generation Objects (HM-SG): Reclassification of Brown Dwarfs in the 13–80 MJ

Objects in the 13–80 MJ mass range are conventionally classified as brown dwarfs—“failed stars” that lack sufficient mass for sustained hydrogen fusion. This designation implies permanent failure: objects that never achieved and never will achieve stellar ignition. The succession framework proposes reclassification as High- Mass Second Generation (HM-SG) objects. Many exist in binary configurations consistent with second generation stellar formation. Rather than “failed stars,” these objects may represent: (1) successfully burning second generation stars, (2) succession attempts that fell short of threshold, or (3) objects awaiting future mass acquisition. This study catalogs HM-SG objects and proposes reclassification based on formation context rather than mass alone.