OBSERVER FALLIBILITY AS A PHYSICALLY NECESSARY PROPERTY OF OBSERVATION

This paper establishes that observational error is not a defect or malfunction but a necessary physical consequence of finite observers operating in real environments. By treating observation as a force-mediated, energy-limited interaction performed by matter–energy systems, it shows that finite bandwidth, finite processing capacity, and unavoidable noise guarantee that no physically realizable observer can be perfectly reliable. Fallibility follows by necessity from thermodynamics, signal degradation, and structural limits, applying universally to biological perception, sensors, and measurement devices without invoking psychology, interpretation, or idealized observers.