The Proton as an Icosahedral Three-Phase Motor

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Authors: Clifford Keeble
Cited by: 0
References: 2

Abstract

We propose that the proton is a 3-phase standing wave in the geon lattice, with three "colors" as adjacent nodes locked in 120° Eisenstein phase relationship. The strong force operates within 19 lattice units (the icosahedral threshold), bounded by 20 faces where electromagnetism begins. This explains quark confinement (cannot isolate one phase), strong force range (~1 fm = 19 units), and proton radius (0.84 fm ≈ 16 units). We derive αs = 1/(3π−1) = 0.1187 and predict scattering angles at 41.8°, 63.4°, 138.2°.

Fields of Study & Subjects

Pulsars and Gravitational Waves Research Quantum and Classical Electrodynamics Quantum Chromodynamics and Particle Interactions

Publication details

Journal / source
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Publication date
4 January 2026
Document type
Preprint