Quark Generations as Icosahedral Boundary Excitations: Particle Masses from Twin Prime Resonance
Abstract
We demonstrate that quark generations arise from icosahedral boundary excitations of the proton. The stable proton occupies a boundary of 19 lattice units (F−1 of the icosahedron), with three twin prime couplings at (5,7), (11,13), and (17,19) corresponding to up and down quarks. When energy is pumped in via particle collisions, the proton expands elastically to higher boundaries: 30 (edges E) activates twins (29,31) producing strange and charm quarks; 42 (7×D!) activates twins (41,43) producing bottom and top quarks. The proton then snaps back to its stable 19 boundary, releasing excess energy as heavy particles. This model predicts second-generation resonances at 1837 MeV (observed: N(1875-1900) cluster, 2-3% deviation) and third-generation resonances at 2701 MeV (observed: N(2700),
Fields of Study & Subjects
Nuclear physics research studies
Quantum Chromodynamics and Particle Interactions
High-Energy Particle Collisions Research
Publication details
- Journal / source
- Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
- Publication date
- 4 January 2026
- Document type
- Preprint