Quark Generations as Icosahedral Boundary Excitations: Particle Masses from Twin Prime Resonance

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Authors: Clifford Keeble
Cited by: 0
References: 4

Abstract

We demonstrate that quark generations arise from icosahedral boundary excitations of the proton. The stable proton occupies a boundary of 19 lattice units (F−1 of the icosahedron), with three twin prime couplings at (5,7), (11,13), and (17,19) corresponding to up and down quarks. When energy is pumped in via particle collisions, the proton expands elastically to higher boundaries: 30 (edges E) activates twins (29,31) producing strange and charm quarks; 42 (7×D!) activates twins (41,43) producing bottom and top quarks. The proton then snaps back to its stable 19 boundary, releasing excess energy as heavy particles. This model predicts second-generation resonances at 1837 MeV (observed: N(1875-1900) cluster, 2-3% deviation) and third-generation resonances at 2701 MeV (observed: N(2700),

Fields of Study & Subjects

Nuclear physics research studies Quantum Chromodynamics and Particle Interactions High-Energy Particle Collisions Research

Publication details

Journal / source
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Publication date
4 January 2026
Document type
Preprint